Wednesday, 3 November 2010

Glossary

AUDIENCE

Audience is the term given to a group of people that are assembled at a performance, such as watching TV or listening to a radio programme. It is technically the act of hearing or attending.

ADVERTISING STANDARDS AUTHORITY (ASA)

The ASA is a company that works to make sure that all adverts in the UK are acceptable and meet the rules and regulations set up by themselves. It regulates adverts from all media areas, including TV, internet, sales promotions, marketing, radio, etc.

BROADCASTERS AUDIENCE RESEARCH BOARD (BARB)

BARB is the official UK website that gives the official measurement of UK TV audiences. It is responsible for giving the viewing figures for people that watch TV and the share each channel has for the viewing figures.

BRITISH BOARD OF FILM CLASSIFICATION (BBFC)

The BBFC determines the rating on all films released in the UK; it is responsible for age restrictions on games, DVD's and films in the cinema. However, it can be overruled by local councils.

BROADCASTING

Broadcasting is the distribution of texts via TV, radio and film to the public audience. It can also be broadcasted digitally via the internet by sites such as iPlayer.

COMPANY SIZE: MAJOR COMPANIES (TNC)

Major companies are companies that are known nationwide / worldwide and own smaller companies within themselves. Examples of these include Sky and the BBC.

COMPANY SIZE: BIG TO MEDIUM SIZED

Big to medium sized companies are ones that fall below a certain limit (turnover).

COMPANY SIZE: INDEPENDENT

An independent company is one that is not government owned or by a small number of shareholders. They do not offer shares to the public; the companies shares are offered, owned, traded or exchanged privately.


CROSS MEDIA COMPANIES

Cross media commpanies are ones that have a range of different companies spread throughout the media industry. For example, they may own a TV company, a radio company and an advertising company. It basically spreads across platforms.

HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION

Horizontal integration occurs when a firm is being merged with another company in the same industry in the same stage of production as they are. It is known as "buy out" or "take over". It can also be linked with horizontal expansion, which means that the company is expanding. The more the better in this case.

INSTITUTION



NEW MEDIA INDUSTRY

The new media industry refers to the add ons to the traditional media industry (TV, written work, radio, etc). It has developed to include the new technologies that are now developing, such as the internet and computer-enabled comsumer products.

NARROWCASTING

This is sort of like a niche audience, it is aimed at a small group of people that have a specific interest. Basically it means that they base their product on a specific topic (narrow), whereas broadcasting is where they cover a wide range of topics.

NATIONAL READERSHIP SURVEY (NRS)

This is the equivalent of the BARB, but estimates how many readers each newspaper and magazine has. They are a non-profit organisation, and they interview 36000+ adults every year in order to get their results. The interview lasts roughly 27 minutes.

OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS (OFCOM)

OFCOM regulates the airwaves, such as TV, mobiles, radio, broadband and fixed line telecoms. They ensure that the audience get the best from their telecommunications service, and that their is nothing on the air that could offend. They are in charge of punishing programmes that they feel have created an offence.

PRESS COMPLAINTS COMMISSION (PCC)

The PCC is an independent body that deals with complaints from the public about editorial content from magazines and magazines. It is free and easy for the public to access as it is self-regulatory. All complaints are explored under the Code of Practise which binds all magazines and newspapers.

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

This is where a person, or group of people exclusively own a piece of property or business. It is legally theirs.

PUBLIC OWNERSHIP

This is where the piece of property or business is owned by the state, government or community.

PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING

This is refering to services that are funded by public money, such as the BBC. They charge an annual fee in order to watch or listen to their services, which means that no adverts are played during programmes.

REGULATORY BODY

This is where a regulatory agency or government agency regulates some areas of public activity.

SELF-REGULATORY BODY

A self-regulatory body is where a company regulates themselves without help from the government, often meaning that their is no legal costs for the public to use their services.

VERTICAL INTEGRATION

This is a firm is engaged in different parts of production, for example, growing materials, manufacturing, transporting, marketing and finally retail.

Wednesday, 6 October 2010

Ethics

One example of ethics is the image of teenagers in the media. They are stereotypical images of them and are usually negative. The papers are quick to jump onto the negative stories involving teenagers, but they aren't so quick to report on positive stories.
Another example would be Muslims in the media. There is a small majority that take thier religion to the extreme, but in the media they are all stereotyped as the same old negative image, when it is really only a very small majority.
Also, celebrities are portrayed badly. Celebrities are photographed rolling out of clubs (Sarah Harding being a prime example) and the headlines are about them being drunk, but the picture is usually just taken at an awkward moment.

Data Protection Act

This is an act that defines the UK law on processing of data on identifiable people. It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK, the act itself does not mention privacy, but it protects fundamental rights and freedoms; in particular their right to privacy to the processing of personal data. It provides a way for individuals to control information about themselves. There are eight data protection rules:

1.Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully and, in particular, shall not be processed unless- at least one of the conditions in Schedule 2 is met, and in the case of sensitive personal data, at least one of the conditions in Schedule 3 is also met.
2.Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those purposes.
3.Personal data shall be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose or purposes for which they are processed.
4.Personal data shall be accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date.
5.Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes.
6.Personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects under this Act.
7.Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data.
8.Personal data shall not be transferred to a country or territory outside the European Economic Area unless that country or territory ensures an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects in relation to the processing of personal data.

Libel Law

Defamation is a false statement that concerns another, an unprivileged publication of a statement to a third party (somebody other than the person defamed by the statement). It is also considered defamation if the matter is of public concern, fault being on behalf of the publisher.
Slander is the making of a defamatory statement by a transitory representation, usually a spoken representation.
Libel is the making of defamatory statements in a printed or fixed medium (magazines or newspaper).

Copyright

Copyright is an exclusive right that is given to the artist and author to a piece of original work, where they are then in charge of copying, distributing and altering the piece of work.Copyright owners have the exclusive statutory right to exercise control over copying and other exploitation of the works for a specific period of time, after which the work is said to enter the public domain.
You can copyright music, books, images, text; anything really! Copyright means that the author of the work is protected from having their work stolen or taken as somebody elses work. The author has the "right to control copying".

Health and Safety

5 checks that you would make before a photoshoot, on location or in the studio would be:

- Check that all wires are tucked away so as not to trip on them.
- Don't leave bags or belongings lying around.
- Be careful when handling lights as they are hot.
- Ask permission (if necessary) when using locations.
- Be sensible and respect privacy when in crowded places.

Thursday, 30 September 2010

Criminal Law Vs. Civil Law

Criminal law is an act that is classed as an act of crime. In England we are tried by a number of agencies that work together to give punishment to criminals. These include the police, the Crown Prosecution Service, the courts and the National Offender Management Service. These agencies are overseen by three government departments: the Ministry of Justice, the Home Office and the Attorney General's Office.
Civil law is a legal system inspired by Roman law. The laws are written into a collection, codified and are not determined by judges. It is ultimately a group of legal ideas and systems derived from the Code of Justinian. It is a branch of common law dealing with disputes between individuals or organisations (an example being suing someone, becoming the plaintiff).
The differences between these are generally that with criminal law you can be put into prison or executed, whereas in civil law this cannot happen; theu usually reinburse the plaintiff. Also, with criminal law the burden of proof is on the state, whereas in civil law the burden of proof is with the plaintiff.

Saturday, 25 September 2010

Professional Codes of Practise: NUJ

NUJ stands for the National Union for Journalists. The NUJ gives a voice to the journalists of today. They are an active, campaigning organisation that seeks to improve pay and conditions of their members and work to promote and protect media freedom, professionalism and ethical standards in the media.
They state that when things get tough for you at work, they stick up for your rights. Members also stick up for their rights alongside the NUJ, helping to campaign for better conditions for themselves and other journalists. Members work across the entire industry – as staffers and freelances, writers and reporters, editors and sub-editors, photographers and illustrators. Members work in broadcasting, newspapers, magazines, books, in public relations and in a variety of new media.
As a member of NUJ there are certain codes that they need to keep to. These are:
1. At all times upholds and defends the principle of media freedom, the right of freedom of expression and the right of the public to be informed.
2. Strives to ensure that information disseminated is honestly conveyed, accurate and fair
3. Does her/his utmost to correct harmful inaccuracies
4. Differentiates between fact and opinion
5. Obtains material by honest, straightforward and open means, with the exception of investigations that are both overwhelmingly in the public interest and which involve evidence that cannot be obtained by straightforward means
6. Does nothing to intrude into anybody’s private life, grief or distress unless justified by overriding consideration of the public interest
7. Protects the identity of sources who supply information in confidence and material gathered in the course of her/his work
8. Resists threats or any other inducements to influence, distort or suppress information
9. Takes no unfair personal advantage of information gained in the course of her/his duties before the information is public knowledge
10. Produces no material likely to lead to hatred or discrimination on the grounds of a person’s age, gender, race, colour, creed, legal status, disability, marital status, or sexual orientation
11. Does not by way of statement, voice or appearance endorse by advertisement any commercial product or service save for the promotion of her/his own work or of the medium by which she/he is employed
12. Avoids plagiarism.

Wednesday, 22 September 2010

Workplace Codes

Three more workplace codes that would be appropriate to the media industry:

- No food and drink in the photography studio. This is because it could leak onto the equipment and cause a serious accident, such as wires exploding.

- No messing about. This is because someone could trip on a wire or piece of equipment and have a serious injury, especially in the dark room.

- Responsible behaviour when using equipment. This is because equipment is fragile and costs lots of money, you wouldn't want that on your head in a job.

Professional Codes of Practise: PCC

PCC stands for the Press Complaints Commission.
The PCC is an independent self-regulatory body that deals with complaints that audiences have from the content of newspapers and magazines (they also monitor their websites). They keep their standards high by training journalists and editors how they should write articles that won't affend anyone. They also work pro-actively behind the scenes of publications to prevent harassment and media intrusion, whilst providing pre-publication advice to journalists and the public.
There are 16 main rules that the PCC reinforces, these are: accuracy; the press have to take care not to print articles that are inaccurate and report fairly and also make sure they show a difference between fact and opinion. There must be an opportunity to apply to inaccuracies. They must respect privacy of people's family, home and health and it is unacceptaable to photograph people on private land. Journalists must not engage in intimidation or harassment. The press must give sympathy with asking questions concerning grief or shock, and when regarding suicide, they must try to avoid the method used. Young people are free to complete school without intrusion or not interviewed without the schools or parents permission. The press must not identify children under 16 in sex cases. Relatives or friends of criminals should not be identified unless having consent (unless relevant to the story). The press should not publish material captured by hidden cameras and intercepting mobile phone calls. The press must not identify victims of sexual assault or publish material that will lead to identification. The press must not discriminate (race, religion, sex, disability). Journalists have a moral obligation to protect confidential sources of information. There should be no payment to witness' or criminals. In the way of witness', they can be paid when the trial is finished.

Professional Codes of Practise: ASA

ASA stands for the Advertising Standards Authority.
The ASA regulates adverts from the TV, internet, sales promotions and direct marketing; they are a mixture of self-regulating for non-broadcasting adverts and co-regulating for broadcasting adverts.
The rules of the ASA are not written by the ASA themselves, they are written by the Committee of Advertising Practise (CAP) for non-broadcasting adverts (cinema, press, posters and online). And for TV and radio adverts the rules are written by the Broadcast Committee of Advertising Practise (BCAP).The adverts that they cover include magazine and newspaper, radio and TV, shopping channels, posters, cinema, direct mail, circulars, internet, SMS text messages, CD Roms, DVD and videos, also special offers, prize draws and competitions.
There are specific rules for each that make up the codes of advertising; there are rules for alcoholic drinks in adverts, health and beauty claims, gambling, children, medicines etc.
ASA are mainly a complaints system and work on the complaints that they receive, but they do not just sit around and wait for complaints to come in, they also work alongside CAP and BCAP to deliver a regulatory approach.
The codes of advertising include not being misleading (withholding information and hold on to proof of claims). They must also not offend, where special attention needs to be taken when dealing with sex, race, religion, sexuality and disability. This usually depends on where the advert appears, the target audience, the actual product and what is acceptable at the time of release. Adverts also need to be shown at certain times so as not to break conduct; they cannot show an alcohol advert at 6am when children are likely to be watching.

Sunday, 19 September 2010

Gap Year

Instead of going to University I could have a gap year, where I would attempt to work full time, and possibly work at Kentwell Hall for the duration of this time.
I would also try to get work experience so I gain valuable experience and boost my CV in the process.
I could also enter photography competitions to see if my work is any good, this will also be handy in later life as competitions are a big part of photography degrees.
I could also do a photography course in Rio de Janeiro, where you can stay for either two weeks, four weeks, or six weeks depending on the course package you pick. It is a 1:1 tutor experience where you will learn a number of skills to aid your photography. There are three activities: Beginners photography, lighting and studio photography, and nature photography. You can also combine all three in a special discounted price which lasts six weeks. The course can be taken at any time in the year, and cost depends on the package you choose. For a two week course it costs £1,095, and for a six week course it costs £2,995. Included in the price is accommadation, breakfast, meeting you at the airport, transport to the accommadation and to and from the project, course fees and materials, full pre-departure support, local in-country team support and back-up, 24 hour emergency support and two t-shirts. Not included in the price is flights, visas, insurance, lunch and dinner, and return transport to the airport.

Courses

BA (Hons) Photography

This course takes place at UCS Ipswich and requires 240 tariff points for 2011. Applicants will be expected to attend an interview with a portfolio. The course is three years full-time and up to nine years part-time.
The course consists of critical theory and practise taught by photographers and lecturers in the field, who encourage research and experimentation, whilst learning new skills that will be used in their careers and explore photography in old and new media.
Throughout the first year students learn technical and critical skills. They also get introduced to cultural, historical, theoretical and political debates surrounding lens based media. They also learnt the differences between digital and analogue photography, whilst genres are explored on location or in the studio.
The second year they improve their technical and contextual skills to give them a better knowledge and understanding. Students are expected to branch out and take risks, where new methods are introduced. Contacts are given via work placements, visiting lectures, field trips and exhibition trips.
Between year 2 and 3 there is an opportunity to pursue a work placement. In the module "Professional Practise" they will be introduced to industry links and methods that prepare them for the placements.
The final year enables students to establish their own style and direction. Critical professional debate about visual culture is strongly encouraged. Ways of distribution is explored and applied in the creative, media and arts industry. Entrepreneurship is also explored. By the end of the year students will be independent and confident practitioners who will hit the ground running.
The course is assessed via practical projects, portfolios, essays, exhibitions and seminar presentations.
There are a number of career opportunities including various photography genres, such as nature, fashion, portraiture, music, etc. Also are fine art practise, picture research, editing, gallery or project management, technical support and PR.

BA (Hons) Film

This course takes place at UCS Ipswich and requires 200 tariff points for 2011.The course is 3 years full-time and up to 9 years part-time.
The course itself is a mixture of practise and theory, and has a creative focus throughout. Each semester students will have a mixture of screen writing, film theory and video production modules which are made to build upon each other, helping students to gain a wide range of skills, including conceptual, creative, practical, technical and critical.
In the first year students are introduced to practical and technical approaches to work. They begin to explore practical and technical skills and are encouraged to start a portfolio. First year modules include film studies, video practise and production, developing screen ideas and creative and professional development.
The second year is all about developing the skills that they have already started, such as critical and analytical skills, conceptual and visual creativity. This results in short films from "ideas led" filmmaking. Second year modules include film, world cinema, video practise and production, screenwriting, and avant-garde and the experimental film.
In the final year the focus is on negotiated elements of work including disseration or research project, and an independent video project where students make a short film in the genre of their choice. Third year modules include dissertation, video practise and production, professional practise and cityscapes.
The professional practise module allows students to undertake a work placement, which is an important part of the three years of study. Students also get the opportunity to work with artists and professional practitioners, where they participate in master classes and residencies.
Students are assessed via essays, practical projects, portfolios, project briefs and seminar presentations.
Careers after this include film and video production, screenwriting, teaching, journalism and creative practise.

Three Media Jobs

The Media jobs I would be interested in are an editor, a staff writer or a photographer. You can find the details out from my Magazine Specialism blog: http://www.snctimes-nd2sharnisayer.blogspot/

University

The only University I would consider would be UCS Ipswich at this moment in time because Sienna is now my priority and I would still want to be a huge part of her life.
The Ipswich campus itself is situated on the Waterfront near the docks, and it offers both of the courses I am considering taking. I will be attending an open day on October 9th 2010 to have a look around the site and weigh up the possibility of going to University a little more seriously than I have been previously doing.
If I decided to go to University I would consider going part-time so that I still have the time for my daughter and spend it with her as well as a degree and what that includes.

Stamford Test Results

Communications
Teaching

Other

I am hoping to pass my driving test before christmas, and to continue with my part-time job at Kentwell Hall to earn some extra money to provide for my family and for bus fares!
I am also hoping to improve my cooking skills, as now I am running my own house I am cooking a lot more and would like to attempt new recipes to further improve my skill.
I am also hoping to save money this year and into next year for our holiday to America next year, where we will visiting Harry Potter land!
At college this year I am hoping to hand in all of my assignments on time and to improve my marks from last year. I would like to pull my overall grade up to a DDD, or at least a DDM, for when I complete my National Diploma in 2011. I am also going to complete the assignments I didn't manage to finish from last year due to my maternity leave. All of this combined will help me to get into University when the time is right for me to go.
I would also like to get some work experience in a magazine / newspaper as this will look good on my CV when appling to University as it will show how dedicated I am.
After college I would like to go to University to study photography either part-time or full-time, but it may be more convenient for my family to stay at home and raise Sienna until Zach has finished his Music Production Degree.

Personal / Interpersonal Skills

I am a team player; I never try to run anything by myself. I always try to get everyone involved and encourage them to express their opinions and get included. I think that in a team everyone needs a voice. I think that people enjoy working with me because of this and that I am very hardworking and determined.
I tend to become quite bossy when a project is presented to me, and from that tend to become a leader as I can be quite demanding. I work to deadlines and prepare well for them, I start my work early so I can take my time with research and get bits and pieces done wheneer I can.
I feel that once the task has been explained to me, I need no further help, and am very independent. I like to work in a team so that we can bounce ideas off each other, but I also like to complete my work on my own at home to avoid being distracted.
I think I am a relaxed person who tends to have a laugh with my friends and team-mates when doing my work, but I also know when to stop and get on with the task at home. I am quite disciplined as I prefer to get my work finished at home.
I am enthusiastic when doing a project I enjoy, I put all of my effort into it to make it the best it could be. I think I am quite imaginitive and come up with good ideas for my team and myself when I am enjoying a project.

Creative Skills

I think that I have a good eye for what makes a good image, and how to go about it to make the image a good one. I think that I understand camera shots and what makes a good scene, and how to tackle it to make it look professional, due to practise over the 4 years I have studied Media.
I am good and thorough at planning and research, although it could be improved with more detail and care. I think that the written aspects of projects are one of my biggest strengths as I always manage to explain what I am writing about and to research my topic to back up my claims in my essays and all written work.
I believe I can expand on an idea well, and make it work to my teams advantage. If an idea is presented to me I am brutally honest in whether I think it will work or not, and if so, how we can make it work in a picture or on screen.
I think I can piece things together well, like when I had to piece the different scenes together in our music video. I did a lot of the editing in this project, and I think that I did a fantastic job as they fitted nicely together with the stop-start photography and with each other. Everything made sense and fitted together well.

Practical and Technical Skills

After studying Media for 4 years, I have learnt to use a number of equipment and software successfully.
I can successfully use an SLR camera in manual mode, and continue to improve this skill at home with my own SLR camera that I bought in the summer holidays. I am learning how to take good pictures of different subjects from practising this at home, my favourite subjects at the moment are insects and flowers. I am also trying to improve my editing techniques on Photoshop Elements 8, where I am learning to change the levels to improve the tonal pallette, to sharpen the image effectively, to use the contrast and brightening features, etc to make my image the best it can possibly be. I can also print off contact sheets to show the amount of shots I have taken and to demonstrate the different types of photography I am experimenting with.
I have also learnt how to take pictures with pin-hole and 35mm film cameras, and then enlarge and print the image using the dark room. I can check the images are in focus, and I understand the burn and dodge features that photographers use to improve their images. I also tend to print test sheets before printing properly, so I know whether to add any magenta and how long to expose the image for.
I can use a mixing board to host my own radio show, as I demonstrated earlier in the year with my team, Kirstin and Arti. We had to plan, script and perfom our own 30 minute radio show, trying to make it flow as much as possible and making it sound exciting and professional. We created our own feature for this radio show and faded music in and out of each other successfully. We also used two pieces of software, called SoundBooth and Logic Pro, the latter being on which we recorded our own 15 minute demos of popular radio stations so that we understood the differences between them.
I can successfully use a digital camcorder, remembering to stripe the tape beforehand. I can use a range of camera shots and angles to make the film look interesting and to keep the audience hooked. I can then import the film into Final Cut Pro to edit it together and make it look professional.
I also used a piece of software called GarageBand to create our own pieces of music for our Music Video Project, where we had to film a music video to a piece of music we had created ourselves. I successfully managed to cut the beats to the music and keep it in a 4/4 beat.

GCSE Results

Media Studies - A
Religious Studies - A
Maths - B
English Literature - B
Science - B
Additional Science - B
Art - B
History - B
German - C
English Language - C